Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence River sediments
نویسندگان
چکیده
Although widely detected in marine ecosystems, microplastic pollution has only recently been documented in freshwater environments, almost exclusively in surface waters. Here, we report microplastics (polyethylene microbeads, 0.40– 2.16 mm diameter) in the sediments of the St. Lawrence River. We sampled 10 freshwater sites along a 320 km section from Lake St. Francis to Québec City by passing sediment collected from a benthic grab through a 500 m sieve. Microbeads were discovered throughout this section, and their abundances varied by four orders of magnitude across sites. Median and mean (±1 SE) densities across sites were 52 microbeads·m−2 and 13 832 (±13 677) microbeads·m−2, respectively. The highest site density was 1.4 × 105 microbeads·m−2 (or 103 microbeads·L−1), which is similar in magnitude to microplastic concentrations found in the world's most contaminated marine sediments. Mean diameter of microbeads was smaller at sites receiving municipal or industrial effluent (0.70 ± 0.01 mm) than at non-effluent sites (0.98 ± 0.01 mm), perhaps suggesting differential origins. Given the prevalence and locally high densities ofmicroplastics in St. Lawrence River sediments, their ingestion by benthivorous fishes and macroinvertebrates warrants investigation. Résumé : Même si elle est largement observée dans les écosystèmes marins, ce n’est que récemment que la pollution microplastique a été documentée dans des milieux d’eau douce, et ce, presque exclusivement dans des eaux de surface. Nous faisons état de la présence de microplastiques (des microbilles de polyéthylène de 0,40 à 2,16 mm de diamètre) dans les sédiments du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Nous avons échantillonné 10 sites d’eau douce le long d’un tronçon de 320 km allant du lac Saint-François à Québec, en faisant passer des sédiments prélevés à la benne benthique par un tamis de 500 m. Des microbilles ont été détectées tout au long du tronçon, leur abondance variant sur quatre ordres de grandeur selon le site. Les densités médianes et moyennes (±1 erreur-type) pour tous les sites étaient de 52microbilles·m−2 et 13 832 (±13 677)microbilles·m−2, respectivement. La densité la plus élevée observée en un site était de 1,4 × 105 microbilles·m−2 (ou 103 microbilles·L−1), ce qui est semblable aux concentrations de microplastique observées dans les sédiments marins les plus contaminés du monde. Le diamètre moyen des microbilles était plus faible dans les sites qui reçoivent des effluents municipaux ou industriels (0,70 ± 0,01 mm) que dans les autres sites (0,98 ± 0,01mm), indiquant éventuellement différentes origines. Étant donné la prévalence et les densités localement élevées de microplastiques dans les sédiments du fleuve Saint-Laurent, il serait pertinent d’examiner leur ingestion par les poissons et macroinvertébrés benthivores. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
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